Words from other languages

Some English words and expressions borrowed from some other European languages, such as Norway, Spain, Russia, and Greece.

 Words come from Norway:

fjord  -- Fyord (berasal dari bahasa Norwegia; fjord) merupakan semacam teluk yang berasal dari lelehan gletsjer atau glaciar yaitu tumpukan es yang sangat tebal dan berat.

      

Sognefjord merupakan sebuah fyord terbesar kedua di dunia.

   

                             a lemming

floe -- floating mass of ice (especialy in the sea) gumpalan es terapung

ski -- you know what ski is

slalom -- to slalom means to zig-zag between obstacles (usually used in skiing)

lemming --  is small rodents, usually found in or near the Arctic, in tundra biomes.

from Finland:

sauna -- hot steam bath

from Sweden:

ombudsman -- public official who investigates citizens' complaints against the government 

tungsten -- wolfram (W) bright-gray rare metallic element having a high melting point and 

                     used in alloys of metal(Chemistry); element found in electric lamp filaments and

                     high-speed cutting tools 

from Spain:

embargo -- ban, officialy restricted commerce (larangan berdagang dengan negara lain)

junta -- council, committee

siesta -- afternoon rest or nap (tidur siang)

guerrilla -- soldier who engages in irregular warfare (usually a member of a loosely organized band of soldiers         

                  which utilizes hit-and-run methods to fight the enemy) (gerilya)

macho -- assertive, strong masculine, masculine chauvinism

mosquito -- you know what kind of animal it is, don't you?

bonanza -- something which brings rich rewards; rich mass of ore in a mine (sumber keberuntungan)

lasso -- rope with a noose at one end which is used to capture cattle

patio -- back garden or backyard (emper belakang)

from France:

cuisine -- culinary art, kitchen

gateau -- cake, pastry

chauffeur -- driver of a private motor car (sopir)

boutique -- a small shpping outlet (butik)

creche -- day care center for small children (tempat pentiipan bayi)

duvet -- feather comforter (selimut, biasanya dari bulu angsa)

coup -- revolution, take over, overthrow

elite -- upper-class, aristrocrat, choice (pilihan)

saute -- lightly fried in butter or fat (menggoreng sebentar)

avant garde -- front guard, advance guard, vanguard- unconventional, novel, artistic and new

cul de sac -- dead end, blind alley (jalan buntu)

aubergine -- eggplant, brinjal (terong)

bidet -- basin-like bath which is used for washing the genital area (basin)

from Germany:

kindergarten -- nursery school, frobel

dachshund -- type of a dog breeder with short-legged

 

rottweiler -- a hardy and very intelligent herding dog, usually called 'rottie'

poodle -- the most intelligent breed dog (also called puddle/old English) 

 

       a dacshund

   

    a rottie                       a poodle

hamburger-- you know hat kind of food it is

frankfurter -- a hot dog, a sausage (sosis)

delicatessen -- conveniece food store (toko penjual makanan)

blitz -- lightning (kilat)

waltz -- ballroom and folk dance with closed position (dansa wals)

snorkel -- swimming with a breathing tube (snorkel)

Wanderlust -- a strong desire to travel

seminar -- educational meeting 

from Italy:

ghetto -- portion of city in which members of minority group live

piano 

soprano -- woman highest singing voice

ballerina -- a female ballet dancer (for male is a danseur)

confetti -- small bits of colored papers thwon at celebration, ex. wedding/ sing.

               confetto)

fiasco -- total failure

spaghetti -- a long thin form of pasta

bandit -- ganster, scoundrel

casino -- a facility that ccomodate gambling activity (kasino)

vendetta -- blood feud especially of two families (dendam keluarga)

from Greece:

dogma -- a creed, religious doctrine

drama -- play for the theater, television etc

psychology -- scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour

hippopotamus -- large African river animal with thick skin

theory -- formal set of ideas intended to explain why something happens or

              exists

pseudonym -- fictitious/pen/assumed name (nama samaran)

synonym -- different words with identical meaning

from Russia:

bistro -- a small restaurant

sputnik -- a Russian satellite

cosmonaut -- astronout

perestroika -- restructuring

steppe -- broad grassy plain similar to prairie (padang rumput)

tundra -- vast and treeless arctic region

tsar -- csar, emperor (kaisar)

balalaika -- triangular with 3 strings Russian guitar

mammoth -- extinct hairy elephantlike mammal, huge, enormous, gigantic

Words with interesting origins - people

A number of words in English have originated from the names of people.

1. biro: (ball-point pen) named after Laszlo Biro, its Hungarian inventor (pena) not a bureau
2. boycott: (refuse to deal with or a refusal to deal with) after a landlord in Ireland who made himself unpopular by his treatment of his tenants and was socially isolated (boikot)
3. Braille: (name of raised writing system used by blind people) from the name of its French inventor, Louis Braille
4. chauvinist: (strong belief that your country or race is superior to others) after the French guy, Nicolas Chauvin, who fanatically devoted to Napoleon
5. Hooligan: (a rough, lawless youth) from the Irish family name, Hooligan
6. Machiavellian: (cunning/cerdik, deceitful/curang, unscrupulous/jahat in the pursuit of a goal) from Niccolo Machiavelli, the Italian statesman who died in 1527
7. mentor: (loyal and wise adviser) from mentor, friend to Odysseus (penasehat)
8. pamphlet: (a small leaflet) from a character Phampilus, in a 12th century love poem
9. to pander: (to indulge someone's desires) from Pandaros, a procurer or pimp in Ancient Greek mythology (kaki tangan)
10. saxophone: (a musical instuments) invented by the Belgian, Adolphe Sax
11. tawdry: (cheap and tasteless)  from St Audrey, at whose annual fair in the town of Ely, near Cambridge, cheap gaudy scarves were sold (norak)
12. watt: (unit of power) from the 18th century Scottish inventor, James Wat
13. herculean: (needing great strength and determination) from the mythical Greek hero, son of Zeus and Alcmena, famous for his strength. 
14. platonic: (affectionate but not sexual) from Greek philosopher, Plato(bersifat persaudaraan)
15. teddy bear: (a doll) named after the president of USA Theodore Roosevelt
16. Caesarean section/ C-section: (a surgical procedure to deliver baby) from Julius Caesar a great Roman dictator who was believed born with this method
17. July: (7th month of Gregorian calendar) also named after Julius Caesar, who was born in that month, previousely called Quintilis
18. magnolia:(ornamental shrub/tree which bears a large white or pink flower) from Pierre Magnol, a French botanist who introduced plant natural classification
19. atlas: (a collection of maps) from King Atlas, king of Mauretania who made fist celestial globe; or from Atlas, a figure from Greek mythology who bear the weight of heaven (not earth actually)
20. dahlia: (a flowering plant) from Anders Dahl, a Swedish botanist
21. freesia: (a flowering plant) the genus was named in honour of Frierich Henrich Theodor Freese, a German physcian
22. begonia: (also a flowering plant) from Michel Begon, a former governor of the French colony, Haiti

      

    magnolia                          dahlia

    

             begonia                         freesia

Here are some sentences using the words above.

He's been like a mentor to me, and we have a platonic friendship that even her girlfriend is not jealous with our relationship. We both have difficult problem in our work, and we think that we need herculean effort to deal with it. We agreed each other that we won't boycott the policy that company  had been made, nor use machiavellian way. On the other side, our opponents spreaded pamphlets issuing the bad company condition. 

I was stressed that time and my migraine recurred. To cheer me up, my boyfriend send me a bunch of flower, from dahlia, begonia, freesia, and magnolia. It's so amazing that I worked on the after day.

cookies:

Missisipi is known as magnolia state, and Houston, Texas is known as magnolia city.